What is a fossil?
Fossils are the remains of creatures and plants, which lived on earth many millions of years ago, which have become trapped and preserved in rock. They come in a variety of sizes from micro-organisms to large skeletons and trace fossils. The word fossil comes from the Latin 'fossilis' meaning 'dug up', the ancient Greeks used the term to describe any distinctive materials dug up from the earth, including minerals, rocks and organic remains. It was not until the nineteenth century that the word began to be applied only to the remains and traces of pre-existing life preserved in rocks. #SUBHEADING#How fossils are formed?#SUBHEADINGEND# #IMAGE#When marine animals or plants died their remains accumulated on the sea floor where they were covered in mud, silt or sand. Over a very long period of time these sediments became compacted into sedimentary rocks encasing the animal or plant remains with-in the rock. Not all life became fossilised; most simply disintegrated away before it could be preserved. When land animals or plants died the soft parts of their bodies, such as skin and internal organs, usually decomposed or were eaten by scavengers. However, if the hard parts of their bodies, such as bone, shell or wood, were quickly covered by water, sediment or volcanic ash, they might have been preserved. Teeth are commonly found because they are the hardest parts of animals and therefore more likely to be fossilised. #IMAGE# Although bone, shell and wood are hard components they are full of very small air spaces. Upon burial, water would seep into these spaces and deposit minerals. Often, over millions of years, all of the original bone or shell would dissolve away leaving a complete mineral replacement set in the surrounding rock. The organism remains are then said to the petrified, literally meaning 'turned to stone'. #SUBHEADING#Trace fossils#SUBHEADINGEND# In some cases the entire animal will decay away leaving a 'mould' that is filled with sediments or minerals that form a natural 'cast'. There also cases where footprints made in soft ground have created moulds that are later filled with sediments, making casts. These are known as trace fossils because they indicate the activity of an animal or plant and therefore the presence of former life. Other trace fossils include burrows and root tunnels. #IMAGE# Fossils are not only found in solid rock but have been discovered trapped in tar pits, amber and even in ice, preserving flesh, hair and sometimes stomach contents. Woolly mammoths, for example, have often been discovered trapped in ice and in 1997 an entire mummified woolly mammoth was found in the Siberian permafrost. #SUBHEADING#The importance of fossils#SUBHEADINGEND# Very few individual organisms are preserved out of the billions that have lived throughout geological time, and it is rare to find a complete specimen. Fossils are important to both palaeontologists (scientists who study ancient life) and geologists (scientists who study the history of the earth) because they provide vital clues about ancient life forms, ancient environments and links to the ancestors of modern organisms. View #LINK=http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/museumcollections/collections/search-results/resultsoverview.php?keywordsorig=fossil&titleorig=&personorig=&placeorig=&dateorig=&materialorig=&accessionnumberorig=&collectionorig=&museumorig=&keywords=&newsearch=new&title=fossil&person=&place=&date=&material=&accessionnumber=&collectionall=all&museumall=all&location=any&SearchSubmit.x=38&SearchSubmit.y=13 TEXT=all of the fossils# from our collections or use the advanced search.
Our Natural World
Hull Museums own over 20,000 natural history specimens ranging from pressed plants to stuffed animals to fossilised creatures. Read on to discover what weird and wonderful objects are lurking in our natural history collections.
History of the Hull & East Riding Museum
This narrative tells the story of the Hull and East Riding Museum which is located in what is now known as Hull's Museum Quarter.
Spineless Creatures (part 1)
If you go swimming in the sea today you will recognise a great variety of invertebrate marine life, from crabs and lobsters to corals and shelled-animals. They have evolved over time from animals you may not be familiar with. Read on to discover more about invertebrate marine life used to exist millions of years ago including ammonites, belemnites and bivalves.
Spineless Creatures (part 2)
If you go swimming in the sea today you will recognise a great variety of invertebrate marine life, from crabs and lobsters to corals and shelled-animals. They have evolved over time from animals you may not be familiar with. Read on to discover more about invertebrate marine life used to exist millions of years ago including brachiopods, crinoids, echinoids and trilobites.
Fossil Myths and Folklore (part 1)
Today we understand that fossils are the remains of once living animals and plants. However, before the 18th Century people did not understand what they were and so regarded them in terms of superstition. Read on to find out about the myths that had developed over time about fossil origins.
Fossil Myths and Folklore (part 2)
Before the 18th Century people did not understand what fossils were and so regarded them in terms of superstition. Today we understand that fossils are the remains of once living animals and plants. Read on to find out about fossil myths that have surrounded crinoids, sharks teeth and bivalves.
Woolly Mammoth - icon of the Ice Age (part 1)
The Woolly Mammoth was an icon of the last ice age. Tens of thousands of years ago they lived all over the northern sub-arctic tundra regions, including right here in the East Riding! Read about their special adaptations that enabled them to survive in the harshest climate.
Woolly Mammoth - icon of the Ice Age (part 2)
The Woolly Mammoth was an icon of the last ice age. Tens of thousands of years ago they lived all over the northern sub-arctic tundra regions, including right here in the East Riding! Read about the changes which brought about their extinction.
